Is the study conducted to assess soil and rock properties, foundation conditions, and stability for infrastructure projects through utilizing industry-standard methods such as Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT), and sonic drilling, along with traditional techniques like trial pits.

STANDARDS

BS 5930:2015 - Code of Practice for Site Investigations
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)

ISO 14688 - Geotechnical Investigation and Testing

ASTM D1586 - Standard Penetration Test (SPT) of Soils.

ASTM D2488 - Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils.

This survey involves determination of the position, in three dimensions of natural and
man-made features on the surface of the Earth. These features are then represented in analogue
form as a contoured map, plan or chart, or in digital form such as a digital ground model (DGM).

STANDARDS

Elementary survey 6th Edition, Ghilani, Charles D; Wolf, Paul R. (2012).
Elementary Surveying: An Introduction to Geomatics. New York: The Pennsylvania State University.

Schofield, W., & Breach, M. (2007). Engineering Survey (6th Edition ed.). CRC Press.

These studies involve thorough analysis of groundwater flow, aquifer characteristics, and water quality to inform sustainable water resource management and infrastructure design. By utilizing methods such as pumping tests, tracer studies, and aquifer testing to address challenges related to water availability, contamination, and sustainable management practices.

STANDARDS

• The Environmental Management (Water Quality Standards) Regulations, 2007
• The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards Regulations, 2007
• TZS 789:2003 - Drinking (potable) water -Specification
• TZS 860: 2005 Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters Tolerance Limits for Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters
• IFC Standards on Water Conservation

ACTS

• Ministry of Water, Water Resources Management Act (2009)
• Water supply and sanitation Act (2009)

GUIDELINES AND REGULATIONS

• Ministry of Water Guidelines for Groundwater Exploration and Well Drilling
• Water abstraction, Use, and Discharge Regulations (2010)
• Groundwater Regulations Guidelines (2013)
• The WRM Water Well Quality Monitoring Guidelines (2018)
• The WRC Water Resources Classification System Guidelines (2018)
• Registration of Water User Association Regulations (2009)

Is the evaluation of seismic risks and ground motion parameters to ensure structural resilience and safety in seismic-prone regions through utilizing probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), ground motion modeling, and site response analysis to address challenges related to seismic design, risk mitigation, and structural safety. RELEVANT REFERENCES: Earthquake Engineering: From Engineering Seismology to Performance-Based Engineering by Yousef Bozorgnia and Vitelmo V. Bertero.

Conducting detailed examination of soil and water chemistry to identify contamination sources, assess environmental risks, and support remediation strategies. Utilizing techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and chromatography to address challenges related to pollution assessment, resource management, and environmental protection. RELEVANT REFERENCES: Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis, and Case Histories by Benedetto De Vivo, Harvey E. Belkin, and Annamaria Lima. Environmental Geochemistry: Principles and Applications by Harry Elderfield and Robert A. D. Pattrick. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Volume 5: Water Pollution edited by Otto Hutzinger, Paolo Calza, and William J. Cooper

Is systematically mapping and characterization of geological formations to understand terrain properties, geological hazards, and resource potential through utilizing field mapping, remote sensing, and GIS analysis to address challenges such as resource exploration, hazard assessment, and land-use planning.

RELEVANT REFERENCES:
Principles of Geology by Charles Lyell. Structural Geology by Haakon Fossen. Remote Sensing and GIS for Geologists: A Practical Guide by Gary L. Prost